We will conduct an experimental study to observe the influence of ostracism on the opinion extremization in a subsequent group discussion.

This registered report study examines whether informing partisans about the party cue effect reduces partisan bias in policy judgments. It employs an experimental design in which subjects are informed that party cues induce people who identify with a party to take policy positions because the party does and that there are potential drawbacks of relying on party cues instead of reflecting on the policy content. The hypothesis is that those who are aware of the party cue effect will be less likely to rely on party cues when making policy judgments compared to those who are not informed.

This study is a Registered Report which was submitted to Cortex. The Stage 1 manuscript was granted In Principle Acceptance on September 8th 2017.

Consolidated memories may return to labile/unstable states after their reactivation, thus requiring a restabilization process that is known as reconsolidation. During this time-limited reconsolidation window, reactivated existing memories can be strengthened, weakened or updated with new information. Previous studies have shown that noninvasive stimulation of the lateral prefrontal cortex after memory reactivation strengthened existing verbal episodic memories through reconsolidation, an effect documented by enhanced delayed memory recall (24h post-reactivation). However, it remains unknown whether the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a region involved during reactivation of existing episodic memories, contributes to reconsolidation. To address this question, in this double-blind experiment healthy participants (n=27) will receive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with the anode over the left PPC after reactivation of previously learned verbal episodic memories. Memory recall will be tested 24h later. To rule out unspecific effects of memory reactivation or tDCS alone, we will include two control groups: one that receives tDCS with the anode over the left PPC without reactivation (n=27) and another one that receives tDCS with the anode over a control site (primary visual cortex) after reactivation (n=27). We hypothesize that tDCS with the anode over the left PPC after memory reactivation will enhance delayed recall through reconsolidation relative to the two control groups. Knowledge about the critical nodes of the episodic memory reconsolidation network may help develop effective interventions to modulate existing memories in patients with memory disorders.

Neural networks for the processing of appetitive and aversive information, in isolation, have been well characterized. However, how the brain integrates competing signals associated with simultaneous appetitive and aversive information is less clear. In particular, it is unknown how the presence of concurrent reward modulates the processing of an aversive event throughout the brain. Here, we propose utilizing a four-armed bandit task in an fMRI study to measure the representation of an aversive electric shock with and without the simultaneous receipt of monetary reward. Using an ROI approach, we will first identify regions activated by the experience of aversive electric shock, and then measure how this shock-related activation is modulated by concurrent reward using independent data. Informed by prior literature and our own preliminary data, analyses will focus on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and the thalamus and somatosensory cortex. Of interest will be the extent to which responses to the aversive electric shock are attenuated due to the presence of concurrent reward, consistent with either the integration of valence signals or competition between punishment and reward.

Registered Report with Stage 1 in principle acceptance at Nature Human Behaviour

This project contains the Stage-1 accepted manuscript for a registered replication report which has received in-principle acceptance at Cortex. The lab log, raw and processed data, as well as datasets generated for this study have been included. Demographics and questionnaires have been removed.

Presented by OSF

In hundreds of articles published over the past two decades, nanoparticles have been described as probes for sensing and imaging of a variety of intracellular cytosolic targets. However, nanoparticles generally enter cells by endocytosis with only a small fraction reaching the cytosol. Most of those articles do not describe the mechanisms of nanoparticles entry into the cell and therefore the paradox of sensing a target in the cytosol when most particles do not access that compartment remains. To address this paradox, we are initiating a replication project of some of the most influential articles in this field with the aim of confirming their ability to detect their targets and getting additional insights into their intracellular localisation. Thus, this article is a pre-registered report for the first replication of this project, namely the replication of Zhu et al ‘Carbon‐Dot‐Based Dual‐Emission Nanohybrid Produces a Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for In Vivo Imaging of Cellular Copper Ions’. To achieve our aim, we will carry out both a direct replication of the experiments in the original article, with the addition of some experiments and controls, and a conceptual replication where we test the claim that this ratiometric probe is able to sense intracellular copper levels in a more biologically relevant system. We hope that this study will contribute to a better understanding of the intracellular fate of nanoparticles and, with the help of the scientific community, help set standards in the design and reporting of studies in this field.

Common explanations for replication failures in neuroscience and psychophysiology include the exploitation of researcher degrees of freedom and ambiguous or inappropriate methodology, creating an environment in which flexibility during data processing and analysis could increase the probability of erroneous or irreplicable findings. The present registered report described preregistration practices in EEG/ERP studies, quantified adherence to preregistration, and estimated expected replication/discovery rates. Out of 506 preregistrations and 25 registered reports screened, 385 met eligibility. The EEG/ERP preregistrations resulted in 92 published manuscripts. For the preregistered studies, 57–99% included the minimal necessary methodological detail for replication. Adherence to preregistration in the 92 published studies averaged 60%. Exploratory analyses indicated that registered reports had the highest average adherence (92%), followed by articles explicitly mentioning preregistration (60%), and then by those not mentioning preregistration (39%). Only 16% of published studies fully adhered to preregistered plans or disclosed all deviations. Preregistered studies reported more methodological details (64% vs. 61%) and more frequently justified sample sizes and data exclusion than companion non-preregistered studies. A z-curve analysis indicated that selective reporting was likely present in published preregistered studies. Although preregistration can enhance transparency and reduce researcher bias in EEG/ERP research, current practices fall short. Ambiguity in preregistrations and inconsistent adherence undermine utility of preregistration. Moving forward, researchers should prioritize clarity and accessibility in preregistrations, and journals should implement policies to ensure the review of preregistration adherence.

A growing body of work in social and affective neuroscience suggests that emotion plays an instrumental role in error monitoring processes, rather than only a moderating one. High-powered replications of studies that support this idea, however, are lacking. Here, we attempted a preregistered replication of our own study that had provided evidence for the functional role of emotions in error monitoring: that a neural signal of error monitoring—the error-related negativity—is reduced when participants undergo a misattribution of arousal procedure (Inzlicht & Al-Khindi, 2012). Like a previous replication attempt (Rodilla et al, 2016), our misattribution procedure failed to reduce the amplitude of the ERN. However, it also failed its manipulation check to reduce state anxiety, limiting the conclusions we can draw. Nonetheless, these findings are consistent with the view that our original study may have been a false positive. We discuss these findings in the context of the replication crisis in psychology and of work on the emotional properties of the ERN.

Stage 1 IPA at PCI RR

Does religion promote prosocial behaviour? Despite numerous publications that seem to answer this question affirmatively, divergent results from recent meta-analyses and pre-registered replication efforts suggest the issue is not yet settled. Additional uncertainty lingers around whether (a) the effects of religious cognition on prosocial behaviour obtain through implicit cognitive processes, explicit cognitive processes, or both; and (b) whether religious cognition increases generosity only among people disinclined to share with anonymous strangers. Here we propose two experiments designed to address these concerns. In Experiment 1 we will seek to replicate Shariff and Norenzayan’s demonstration of the effects of implicit religious priming on Dictator Game offers to anonymous strangers; unlike Shariff and Norenzayan, however, we will use an online environment where anonymity is virtually assured. In Experiment 2, we will introduce a “taking” option to allow greater expression of baseline selfishness. In both experiments, we will seek to activate religious cognition implicitly and explicitly. Finally, we will use multiple methods to meta-analyse all available experiments that test the effect of religious priming on Dictator Game transfers. Our results will provide new insight into an important interdisciplinary issue, and guidance on how best to activate religious cognition in the laboratory.

Stage 1 IPA at PCI RR

Stage 1 IPA at PCI RR

Historically EEG task time-frequency measures were assumed to reflect brain oscillations, but recent evidence indicates that aperiodic activity can confound accurate measurement of neural oscillations. Here, we capitalize on recent tools for parameterizing oscillations in time-frequency maps. This Registered Report will provide empirical evidence on which features of task-induced EEG time-frequency power are oscillatory and which are aperiodic.

Stage 1 IPA at PCI RR

Please see "Stage 1" for preprint, Qualtircs survey, and simulated data and code

Stage 1 IPA at PCI RR

Norton et al., 2007, demonstrated a counterintuitive phenomenon that knowing other people better and/or having more information about them is associated with decreased liking. They summarized it as ambiguity leads to liking, whereas familiarity can breed contempt. In a Registered Report with a US Prolific undergraduate student sample (N = 801), we directly replicated Studies 1a, 1b and 2 and conceptually replicated Studies 3 and 4 from Norton et al., 2007. Extending their research, we also proposed that curiosity provides an alternative path to liking, hypothesizing that curiosity mediates the relationship between knowledge and liking. Overall, we found weak support for the original findings. Consistent with the original article, participants believed they would like someone who they knew more about (original: h = 0.52–0.70; replication: h = 0.55–0.75) and that knowledge positively predicts liking (original: h = 0.21–0.45; replication: h = 0.57–0.76). However, we found no indication of the number of traits known influencing liking (original: r = −0.43 to −0.005; replication: r = −0.05 to 0.06) or perceived similarity to the target (d = 0.00), for a mediating effect of perceived similarity, for a dissimilarity cascade effect, or for changes in liking or perceived similarity as a factor of learning more about the target. In our extensions, we found support for a positive relationship between curiosity and liking (r = 0.62–0.70), but not for knowledge and curiosity (r = −0.06 to 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that learning more about others may not influence perceptions of liking, similarity or curiosity towards them. Materials, data and code are available on https://osf.io/j6tqr/. This Registered Report has been officially endorsed by Peer Community in Registered Reports: https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100947.

Dunsmoor and Murphy (2014) found that conditioned fear spreads from typical to atypical category exemplars but not vice versa, paralleling the principles of category-based induction. Their work was foundational in establishing that fear can generalize within conceptual structures along a dimension of category typicality and offers insight into how higher-order reasoning might be integrated in classic conditioning. This registered report aims to replicate and extend the finding of Dunsmoor and Murphy by investigating how idiosyncratic category structures and trait anxiety affect the asymmetry effect in conceptual fear generalization. It includes several methodological improvements and a comparison of different methods for processing skin conductance responses to allow for an identification of the source of contradicting findings on the effect in the literature.

Stage 1 IPA at PCI RR

Although high status is often considered a desirable quality, this may not always be the case. Different factors may moderate the value of high status along a dimension such as wealth (e.g. gender, perceiver income/education). For example, studies ...

Stage 1 IPA at Royal Society Open Science

Stage 1 IPA at Royal Society Open Science

Background: Military trauma teams are commonly operating in civilian hospitals during peacetime; in a war situation they must adjust their practices to the austere conditions. Simulations can replicate austere conditions to allow training in a safe environment that tolerates errors. Gamification, understood as the use of game elements to motivate and engage learners in nongame contexts, is gaining interest in medical education and military training. Applying game elements in the design of military trauma management simulations has the potential to provide learners with active learning opportunities and prepare them for providing medical services under austere conditions. Although gamification is known for its engaging and motivational benefits, there are controversies about its pedagogical value. The controversies can be attributed to the fact that various gamification strategies may consist of a different combination of game elements, leading to different outcomes. Objective: This systematic review aims to understand how game elements are used in the design of simulations in military trauma management training and their reported outcomes. Methods: We have designed a search strategy for the purpose of the review. Two researchers will independently assess the identified studies based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selection process will be represented using a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram. The search will be repeated and updated as necessary prior to publication of the review. Two reviewers will independently extract and manage the data for each of the articles using a structured data extraction form. Any disagreement that arises between reviewers will be resolved through discussion, and a third review author will be consulted when needed. We are going to conduct a thematic synthesis of the extracted game element descriptions. The results are going to be presented in a diagrammatic or tabular form, alongside a narrative summary. The quality of the studies will be assessed. Results: We implemented and tested the developed search strategy in May 2023. We retrieved 1168 study abstracts, which were reduced to 630 abstracts after deduplication. We have piloted the screening on 20% (126/630) of the identified abstracts in groups of 2 reviewers. Conclusions: Although gamification has the potential to motivate learners in various ways, there is a lack of understanding about specific game elements and how they can inform instructional design in different contexts. Our findings will increase the understanding of how game elements are used in the design of simulations in military trauma management training and, thus, contribute to more effective development of future simulations.