In this paper, we introduce a special issue of Q Open on open access and open science that presents papers from a session at the 2023 European Association of Agricultural Economists Congress. We briefly discuss some of the emerging issues confronting applied economists regarding open access and open science. We also consider how the growth in open access is changing the publication landscape, as well as ongoing efforts to promote open science. As the papers published in the special issue show, there remain unresolved questions regarding the costs and benefits associated with implementing open access and open science.